Many of us want to maintain our independence as we age and that often includes a desire to stay in our home. As seniors, things that were once an afterthought can become obstacles that put our safety at risk. Ensuring a senior’s home is safe involves addressing various aspects such as fall prevention, accessibility, and emergency preparedness. In this article, we will discuss potential safety hazards in the home and steps for making a senior’s home safe.

Accessibility

Accessibility in a senior’s home is crucial for ensuring they can move around safely and comfortably, maintaining their independence and reducing the risk of accidents. Here are detailed strategies to enhance accessibility:

Entrances and Exits

• Install ramps in place of stairs at entrances and exits to accommodate walkers and wheelchairs. Ensure the ramps have a gentle slope and are equipped with handrails.
• Use threshold ramps or ensure that door thresholds are flush with the floor to prevent tripping.
• Consider installing automatic doors or door openers for easier access.

Doors and Doorways

• Widen doorways to at least 32 inches to allow easy passage for wheelchairs and walkers.
• Replace traditional doorknobs with lever handles, which are easier for seniors to operate, especially if they have arthritis or limited hand strength.

Flooring

• Use non-slip flooring materials such as textured tiles, vinyl, or low-pile carpeting. Avoid throw rugs, or secure them with non-slip backing.
• Ensure all floors are level. If transitions between rooms are necessary, make sure they are smooth and easily navigable.

Bathrooms

• Install walk-in showers with no curb to step over, making entry and exit safer.
• Install grab bars next to the toilet, in the shower, and near the bathtub for added support.
• Use handheld or adjustable shower heads for ease of use while seated or standing.
• Use raised toilet seats to reduce the effort needed to sit down and stand up.

Kitchens

• Store frequently used items within easy reach, ideally between waist and shoulder height. Consider pull-out shelves and lazy Susans for easier access.
• Use cabinet and drawer handles that are easy to grip, such as D-shaped pulls.
• Install lever-style faucets for easier operation.

Living Spaces

• Arrange furniture to create clear, wide pathways that allow easy navigation with mobility aids.
• Choose seating that is firm and supportive, with arms to assist in sitting and standing.
• Ensure that furniture heights are suitable for easy use, such as tables and chairs that match the height of wheelchairs or walkers.

Bedrooms

• Adjust the bed height so that it is easy to get in and out of. Consider using a bed rail for added support.
• Use adjustable rods and shelving in closets to ensure clothes and other items are within easy reach.

Lighting and Electrical

• Ensure all areas, especially hallways, staircases, and entryways, are well-lit. Use bright, non-glare bulbs.
• Place light switches at accessible heights, ideally at 36-42 inches from the floor. Consider using rocker switches, which are easier to operate.
• Install electrical outlets at convenient heights to avoid bending down or using extension cords.

Assistive Technology

• Use voice-controlled devices for lights, thermostats, and other home systems.
• Implement smart home systems that can be controlled via smartphone or tablet, such as security systems, door locks, and appliances.
• Install medical alert systems that can be easily accessed in case of an emergency.

Staircases

• Install stairlifts for multi-story homes to provide safe access to upper and lower floors.
• Ensure handrails are sturdy and present on both sides of the staircase.
• Use non-slip treads on stairs to prevent slipping.

By addressing these aspects of accessibility, you can create a home environment that supports the independence and safety of seniors, allowing them to navigate their living space with greater ease and confidence.

Bathroom Safety

Bathroom safety is critical for seniors due to the high risk of falls and other accidents in this area. Here are detailed strategies to enhance bathroom safety:

• Place non-slip rugs or mats inside and outside the shower or bathtub to prevent slipping. Ensure these mats are securely in place.
• Shower chairs or a bench provide a sturdy support.
• Set water heater temperatures to prevent scalding.
• Install safety frames around the toilet to provide extra stability when sitting down or standing up.
• If possible, install sinks at an accessible height or use sinks that can be adjusted for height.
• Ensure there is clear space beneath the sink to accommodate a wheelchair if necessary.
• Keep frequently used items within easy reach to avoid the need for stretching or climbing.
• Use shower caddies or wall-mounted shelves to keep bathing supplies organized and accessible.
• Ensure medicine cabinets are easy to open and located at a convenient height.

Kitchen Safety

Kitchen safety for seniors involves making the space accessible, organized, and equipped with features that minimize the risk of accidents. Here are detailed strategies to enhance kitchen safety:

• Keep a fire extinguisher in the kitchen and make sure it is easily accessible.
• Use appliances with automatic shut-off features.
• Keep countertops clear of clutter to provide ample workspace and reduce the risk of items falling.
• Ensure countertops and sinks are at a comfortable height.
• Provide a sturdy chair or stool with a backrest in the kitchen for seniors to sit while preparing food.
• Avoid leaving cooking unattended. Use timers to remind seniors to check on food. Keep flammable items away from the stove.

Bedroom Safety

The bedroom can often be overlooked when it comes to safety. Ensure a comfortable and risk-free environment for seniors in the bedroom, especially considering that many accidents can occur during the night or early morning. Here are detailed strategies to enhance bedroom safety:

• Install bed rails if necessary.
• Ensure the bed is at a comfortable height for easy access. It should be high enough to sit on with feet flat on the floor but low enough to easily get in and out of.
• Ensure light switches are easily reachable from the bed.
• Use nightlights to illuminate the path from the bed to the bathroom or other parts of the house. Motion-activated nightlights can be particularly useful.
• Ensure smooth transitions between different flooring surfaces to avoid tripping.
• Encourage wearing non-slip slippers or shoes in the bedroom to reduce the risk of slipping.
• Keep a phone within reach of the bed.

Fall Prevention

Falls can lead to serious injuries and decreased independence for seniors, making fall prevention crucial. Here are comprehensive strategies to reduce the risk of falls:

• Keep pathways clear of clutter, wires, and rugs that could cause tripping.

• Install handrails on both sides of staircases and in the bathroom.
• Ensure all areas are well-lit, including stairways and hallways. Use nightlights in bedrooms and bathrooms.
• Secure furniture and avoid having furniture with sharp edges.
• Encourage regular exercise to maintain strength, balance, and flexibility. Activities like walking, yoga, and tai chi can be beneficial.
• Use canes or walkers as recommended by a healthcare provider. Ensure they are properly adjusted for height and stability.
• Consider using a PERS device that allows seniors to call for help in case of a fall.

General Safety

General safety for seniors involves a comprehensive approach that covers various aspects of daily living. Here are detailed strategies to enhance overall safety in a senior’s home:

• Schedule regular maintenance checkups for home safety devices and appliances.
•  Install a home security system.
•  Ensure pets do not pose tripping hazards.
•  Have a list of emergency numbers easily accessible.
•  Consider a medical alert system that the senior can use to call for help.
•  Install smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors. Make sure fire extinguishers are easily accessible.
•  Keep a well-stocked first aid kit handy.

By addressing these areas, you can create a safer and more comfortable environment for seniors to live independently.

Financial Aid Resources for Home Modifications

Seniors can get help from groups like HUD and Medicaid HCBS to make their homes safer.

Seniors and their caregivers are encouraged to contact these organizations directly or visit their websites for more information on eligibility and application processes.

HUD Programs – The U.S. Housing and Urban Development helps pay for home changes with programs like the Older Adult Homes Modification Program and the 203(k) Rehab Mortgage Insurance Program.

Veterans Affairs Grants – The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs provides grants for veterans with service-related disabilities who need home modifications.

Medicaid HCBS Waivers – These waivers help cover the cost of home renovations to support seniors in living independently. Information varies by state, so it’s recommended you contact your local Medicaid office.

Rebuilding Together – This non-profit organization helps seniors by modifying homes to enhance safety and accessibility.